As anyone who has lived through a Minnesota winter can tell you, it can get extremely cold in the wintertime. We’re oftentimes prepared for the cold weather, but if something unexpected happens and you get stranded outside without the proper gear, frostbite can be a real possibility. Today, we’re going to take a closer look at frostbite of the fingers and toes, and how to best prevent and treat the condition.
Frostbite Injuries
Similar to ankle sprains or burn injuries, frostbite can be categorized into different grades or degrees. Here’s a closer look at the four degrees of frostbite injuries:
First Degree – This is the most mild form, and it consists of a central whitish plaque, occasionally surrounded by mild erythema, and without associated finger or toe swelling. Once the toes are exposed to warmer temperatures, they can return to a normal state.
Second Degree – This involves the development of moderate to large blisters filled with clear or milky fluid, and the onset of mild or moderate swelling. Stopped early enough, the area will heal and the blisters can typically be managed with conservative care, although surgical intervention is sometimes necessary.
Third Degree – This more serious form involves deep vascular destruction that includes hemorrhagic blistering and significant swelling. Whether or not the toes can be saved depends largely on perfusion of the underlying bone and the area’s response to blood flow improvement therapies.
Fourth Degree – The most serious form of the condition involves full-thickness tissue death, blackened skin and digits that may be demarcated by the time surgical intervention occurs. These digits are amputated to prevent additional problems.
Frostbite Prevention and Treatment
As is the case with most injuries, but which is extremely important to remember with a condition like frostbite, is that prevention is much preferred to treatment. Unlike a severe bone fracture which can be put back together with hardware and a skilled surgeon, once frostbite reaches a certain stage, digit loss is inevitable. That’s why it’s so important to prepare for the weather and prevent the onset of frostbite instead of trying to treat the problem after the fact.
Prevention really just comes down to being prepared for any situation. Even if you’re just planning on walking a few blocks or driving to a friend’s house, always make sure you wear or pack enough layers in case of an accident or emergency. Be sure to pack extra clothes in case layers get wet, because wet clothes can speed up the frostbite process. Also, always let someone know where you’ll be if you’re going cross country skiing or hiking by yourself, and have an emergency plan in case equipment breaks or your get lost. Appropriately preparing for cold temperatures and potential surprises are the best ways to protect yourself against frostbite. It’s also worth noting that alcohol is involved in about half of all frostbite cases, so be very careful about consuming alcohol when you need to be exposed to freezing temperatures.
Finally, treatment involves warming the digits and getting the individual the professional treatment they need. If there are no blisters or swelling, simply getting the patient to a warm location should help get them back to normal. But if they have been exposed to freezing temperatures for long periods and you’re seeing signs listed in second degree or higher forms of the condition, get them to a medical center as soon as possible.
For more information about frostbite injuries and prevention, reach out to Dr. Silverman’s office today.